Kadri Cemilpasha

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Kadri Cemilpasha, (left behind), with Mükslü Hamza, Ekrem Cemilpasha, Haco Agha (in front)

Kadri Cemilpasha or Cemilpashazade Kadri, under the Kurdish community also known as Zinar Silopi (Kurdish: قادری جهمیل پاشا Qedrî Cemîl Paşa or Zinar Sîlopî; born 1891 in Diyarbakır - died 27 October 1973 in Damascus), was a Kurdish nationalist[1] and politician. During the Ottoman period he was a soldier.

Early life and education[edit]

Sitting from left to right: Mehmet Ferit Cemiloğlu, Vecdi Osman Cemiloğlu, Kadri Cemilpasha, Fuat Kadri Cemil, Ekrem Cemilpasha, Standing from left to right: Mustafa Nüzhet Jamil's caregiver, Mustafa Nüzhet Jamil, Bedri Jamil

He was born in Diyarbakır in 1891 as the son of Fuad Bey, from the distinguished Cemilpashazade family. After completing the higher military school in Diyarbakir, he went to Istanbul and completed the lycée there.[1]

Political career in Ottoman period[edit]

In 1911 he enrolled in the adult education center for agriculture. During this time, he founded the Kurdish student association Kürt Talebe Hêvî Cemiyeti together with his uncle Ömer Cemilpasha and two friends.[2][3] He later went to Lausanne for further training and founded a branch of the Hêvî Cemiyeti there with his cousin Ekrem Cemilpaşa and others.[1][4]

Because of the World War I and the associated postal delays, no money from his parents reached him, so he had to return to Istanbul. After reporting to his enlistment district, he was admitted to the military school for cavalry reserve officers. After four months of training, he was assigned to the Ottoman Third Army and fought on the Caucasus Front. The commander of the 2nd Cavalry Division Mürsel Bakû assigned him to the İhtiyat Brigade, which consisted of the Hesenan and Cibran tribes.[5] After this brigade was wiped out, he fought in the 23rd Cavalry Regiment.[1] In the Black Sea region he fought against Pontic gangs and then went to the Palestine front.[6] But near Amman he was captured by British forces and was a prisoner of war in a camp in Alexandria for a year and a half.[6]

Sheikh Said rebellion and exile[edit]

Cemil Pasha was involved in Sheikh Said's rebellion and acted as a leader.[7] In the course of the Sheikh Said uprising, he, like another member of his family, was arrested and brought before the Independence Court.[7] The judge was the Kurd Ali Saip Ursavaş from Rawandiz, with whom Kadri Cemilpasha had previously argued.[7] Although the court acquitted him, he was exiled to Burdur.

Xoybûn party[edit]

After returning to Diyarbakir in 1929, he came into contact with the Xoybûn organization and sought asylum in Syria a year later.[8] There he became a member of the Xoybûn and later also elected a member of the Central Committee.[8] At the time, the Xoybûn was planning an offensive in northern Kurdistan, and Kadri was supposed to take over the group's leadership in Derik-Mardin, but the French administration gathered the Xoybûn leaders from the Kurdish areas and sent them to Damascus.[9] So he couldn't take part in the offensive.

In 1932 he became a member of the Civata Arîkariyê Jibo Belengazên Kurd Li Cizîrê (Association for the Poor Kurds of the Jezira), which was founded in Syria.[10][11] In 1933 he was released from Turkish citizenship. In 1937 he and the other family members were deported to Tadmur prison by the French mandate government because he spoke out against the French wanting to play off the Syrian Christians and Kurds against the Arabs.[12][13] Between 1934 and 1939 he was the political representative of the Xoybun. In 1937 he was responsible for the Civata Azadî û Yekîtiya Kurdan (Association for the Independence and Unity of the Kurds), founded by the Xoybun.[14]

Republic of Mahabad[edit]

After the founding of the Republic of Mahabad, he was sent to Mahabad as a representative of the Hîzba Democrata Kurdî ya Suriyê (The Democratic Kurdish Party of Syria).[15] He reached Iran via Sulaymaniyah, where he met the Kurd Mustafa Hoşnav, a former officer in the Iraqi army, near Bukan and traveled with him to Mahabad.[16] There he joined the Kurdistan-Iran Democratic Party and, on Qazi Muhammed's orders, went to Tabriz, where he handed the Soviet Consulate General a letter containing the Mahabad Republic's demands to Stalin.[17] But when he was not given any post within Mahabad Republic, he left Mahabad after a short while.[16]

He died in Damascus on October 27, 1973 and was buried in the cemetery of the Heyy'ul Ekrad (Rukneddin) district.[17] He was married to Kasım Bey Cemilpashazade's daughter Cavide Hanım. The couple had no children.[17]

Works[edit]

  • Zınar Silopi, Doza Kürdistan, Stewr, Beirut, 1969
  • Kadri Cemil Paşa (Hrsg.: Mehmet Bayrak), Doza Kurdistan: Kürt Milletinin 60 Yıllık Esaretten Kurtuluş Savaşı Hatıraları, 2. Auflage, Öz-Ge Verlag, Ankara, 1991

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Bir Kürt milliyetçisinin portresi: Kadri Cemilpaşa". ÇandName. 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  2. ^ "Hêvî'den DDKO'ya, 20.Yüzyılın Başından 1970'lere Kürd Öğrenci Dernekleri". Rûpela nû. 2024-02-17. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  3. ^ Sıdal, Süleyman (2023-04-30). "Historical Evolution of Kurdish Language Demands In Turkey". The Journal of Mesopotamian Studies. 8 (1): 27–46. doi:10.35859/jms.2023.1147034. ISSN 2147-6659.
  4. ^ "Kürt Talebe Hêvî Cemiyeti (1919)". Serbestiyet (in Turkish). 2022-04-25. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  5. ^ "Kürt Talebe Hêvî Cemiyeti: Kuruluşu, amaçı, subeleri, faaliyetleri". Bernamegeh (in Turkish). 2021-12-29. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  6. ^ a b "Kıraathane İstanbul Edebiyat Evi / Sezon Programı / Bir Sahtekarlık Hikayesinden, Akademiye: Anti-Kürdolojinin İbret Verici Serencamı". Kıraathane (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  7. ^ a b c "Şeyh Said kıyamı mahkeme zabıtları (5)". Independent Türkçe (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  8. ^ a b "Xoybûn'un gerçekleşmeyen bir projesi: Kurdistan gazetesi". YeniOzgurPolitika.com (in Turkish). 2021-07-05. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  9. ^ Dergisi, Kürt Tarihi (2020-11-19). Kürt Tarihi Dergisi 20. Sayı. Roni Basın Yayın Tanıtım Dış. Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  10. ^ "Celadet Elî Bedirxan'a saygı gecesi". Yeni Yaşam Gazetesi | Yeni Yaşam (in Turkish). 2024-04-16. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  11. ^ "Xoybûn ve Cemilpaşazadeler". YeniOzgurPolitika.com (in Turkish). 2020-06-02. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  12. ^ "İnkâr ve sessizleştirme arasında birinci kuşak Kürt aydınları – II-Adnan Çelik". Yeni Yaşam Gazetesi | Yeni Yaşam (in Turkish). 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  13. ^ Aydınlık (2021-11-27). "Suri-Arabi milli davasında Kürt Kadri Cemil". Aydınlık (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  14. ^ "Kürt ulusal davasına adanmış bir ömür: Ekrem Cemilpaşa". YeniOzgurPolitika.com (in Turkish). 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  15. ^ "KDP'nin düşmanca yaklaşımı". Yeni Yaşam Gazetesi | Yeni Yaşam (in Turkish). 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  16. ^ a b "Qazi Muhammed'in vasiyeti". YeniOzgurPolitika.com (in Turkish). 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  17. ^ a b c "Kadri Cemilpaşanın hayatı ve Eserlerı". Bernamegeh (in Turkish). 2021-12-31. Retrieved 2024-05-29.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Mehmet Kemal Işık (Torî), 'Kadri Cemil Paşa (Zinar Silopî)', Ünlü Kürt Bilgin ve Birinci Kuşak Aydınlar, Sorun Yayınları, İstanbul, Oktober 2000, ISBN 975-431-111-0, S. 157–159.
  • Malmîsanij, Kürt Talabe-Hêvî Cemiyeti (1912-1922): İlk Legal Kürt Öğrenci Derneği, Avesta, İstanbul, 2002, ISBN 975-8637-24-X.
  • Malmîsanij, Diyarberkirli Cemilpaşazadeler ve Kürt Milliyetçiliği, Avesta, İstanbul, 2004, ISBN 975-8637-79-7, S. 345–370.
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